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Metallography is a systematic discipline that requires a lot of basic knowledge of materials science as a basis, combined with the understanding of process characteristics, relying on skilled sample preparation techniques and rich analysis experience, in order to reveal the mechanism hidden behind the metallographic photos, draw accurate conclusions, and then guide the process.

The ultimate goal of metallographic sample preparation is to prepare a flat mirror surface for observation after corrosion or direct observation. The importance of grinding and polishing is obvious. Polishing is the last step in the sample preparation stage, and it is also the most important and critical step.

Metallographic testing is an important means of material analysis. Simply said that metallographic analysis is to select one of the analysis surfaces on the target material for microscopic observation. The observation surface can be a surface that has not been corroded, used to observe material features such as inclusions, holes, and cracks; it can also be a surface after corrosion, using the different reaction rates of various tissues to the corrosive liquid to show surface shape of varying depths, thereby reversely explaining the types and distribution patterns of various tissues.

Metallographic sample preparation is a technical job, especially cutting. The quality of cutting directly determines whether the entire sample preparation process can be successful, so it is very critical. Metallographic cutting is to cut the original sample to obtain the most representative target analysis surface. Cutting is essentially the process of removing the slit material. The cutting blade rotates at high speed to make the hard abrasive protruding on the surface impact the sample, and the sample is cut by self-loss.

Metallographic analysis is generally performed on cross-sections for microscopic observation. After cutting, most samples are irregular in shape, which is inconvenient to clamp and grind, so most of the cut samples need to be inlaid into a standard size.

一般來說，金相制樣包括切割，鑲嵌和磨拋三大步驟。顧名思義：切割是分切原始樣品，獲取最具代表性的目標分析面。鑲嵌則是將切割后的樣品放入填埋樹脂內，形成標準的樣品便于后續磨拋處理。磨拋是把目標分析面平整化處理，消除劃痕，便于后期顯微觀測使用。

The ultimate goal of metallographic sample preparation is to prepare a flat mirror surface for observation after corrosion or direct observation. The importance of grinding and polishing is obvious. If cutting and mounting are the preliminary steps of sample preparation, then grinding and polishing are the most important steps in the sample preparation process. Friends who are fortunate enough to avoid the cutting and mounting processes should be more cautious and careful in the grinding and polishing stage, otherwise the work will fail.

The ultimate goal of metallographic sample preparation is to prepare a flat mirror surface for observation after corrosion or direct observation. The importance of grinding and polishing is obvious. If cutting and mounting are the preliminary steps of sample preparation, then grinding and polishing are the most important steps in the sample preparation process. Friends who are fortunate enough to avoid the cutting and mounting processes should be more cautious and careful in the grinding and polishing stage, otherwise the work will fail.

Metallographic analysis is generally performed on cross-sections for microscopic observation. Most of the samples after cutting are irregular in shape, which is inconvenient to clamp and grind, so most of the cut samples need to be inlaid into a standard size. Inlay is actually to fill and cover the cut sample with liquid resin in a fixed membrane cavity. After the liquid resin is solidified, it is demolded to form a standard-shaped inlaid sample.

熱鑲嵌是將樹脂顆粒，填埋入模具內，加熱至液態，在加壓后緊密包覆樣品，固化后脫模。熱鑲嵌多用于耐熱耐壓的固體材料。熱鑲嵌快速簡單，樣品致密標準，所以大多數金屬材料采用熱鑲嵌的方式來制樣。

優質切割片會讓切割過程感覺輕快，切割表面均勻平整，同時又能做到鋸片壽命較長。能平衡好這三點并非易事，川禾公司依據金相切割工況的特殊要求，精心挑選上乘磨料顆粒，優化磨粒的粒度分布，使用高結合力樹脂粉料，反復優化成型工藝參數，開發出適合金相切割專用鋸片。

金相制樣是一門技術活，切割首先如此，切割的質量直接決定整個制樣過程能否成功，所以非常關鍵。需要制樣員對了解目標材料的基本狀況，例如材料的硬度強度等力學性能指標，重點觀察的部位，以及目標材料的禁忌要求。然后才能依據這些特點，制定恰當的切割工序。

磨拋環節有很多方面的影響因素，每一個因素的失控都會導致磨拋失敗。對于現代金相制樣而言，我們要保證優質磨拋，必須要把變量定量化，所有的開放型節點都能實現量化控制。例如設備支持中心加載和單點加載兩種模式，盤面轉速，夾持器轉向和轉速，夾持器在盤面的投影位置，加載壓力，磨拋時間，懸浮液類型，加注速度，每一步的盤面類型等。把如上環節都實現的定量控制，那么磨拋成功的偶然性因素就大幅下降，制樣從對人的依賴轉向對設備的依賴，降低技術準入門檻。